Key Takeaways
- A six per cent freight increase raises dutiable value for FOB shipments, triggering higher customs duty and GST at clearance.
- RPP bond minimums are tied to annual import volume; freight swings that push declared value upward can trigger a mid-year security review.
- Importers who classified CARM cost strictly as duty savings without modelling freight volatility now face quarterly shortfalls on their K84 statements.
- Freight rate visibility at the CAD filing stage lets brokers calculate accurate landed cost before release, avoiding deferred accounting adjustments.
Freight Rate Swings Change the Duty Equation
The Drewry World Container Index climbed six per cent to US$2,712 per 40-ft container for the week of May 18–22, 2025, pushed higher by Asia-Europe route pressure. That rate is still well below the 2021–2022 peak, but for Canadian importers filing Commercial Accounting Declarations under CARM, even a single-digit freight increase changes the math on every dutiable shipment.
Transaction value declared to CBSA includes freight and insurance when goods are priced FOB (free on board). Under Customs Act section 48, the broker adds ocean freight, marine insurance, and loading charges to the invoice price before applying the tariff rate. A six per cent freight bump on a CAD 100,000 FOB shipment adds CAD 6,000 to the dutiable base. At a 6.5 per cent MFN rate, that's an extra CAD 390 in customs duty and another CAD 78 in GST (five per cent federal) before provincial harmonization. Multiply across a container mix, and the monthly CARM statement starts to look different.
RPP Bond Sizing and Monthly K84 Reconciliation
Importers using Release Prior to Payment under CARM post an RPP bond with CBSA to release goods before payment clears. The bond minimum is calculated as a percentage of your rolling 12-month import volume. When freight rates climb, declared value climbs with them, which means your annual volume ticks upward even if you're moving the same number of containers.
CBSA reviews security adequacy quarterly. If your May and June CAD filings reflect higher landed costs due to freight, your bond requirement may increase by mid-Q3. Importers who sized their RPP security at the start of 2025 based on last year's freight assumptions are now seeing mid-year shortfalls on the K84 monthly statement, which lists release value and deferred duty by transaction. The K84 appears in your CARM Client Portal seven days after month-end, with payment due by the last business day of the following month per CARM Phase 2 Release 3 rules.
We routinely see importers undershoot their bond by ten to fifteen per cent when freight moves sharply in one direction. CBSA won't stop your releases immediately, but you'll receive a security-deficiency notice within 30 days, and future shipments may be held until the gap is closed.
CUSMA and CETA Preference Claims Gain Value
When freight costs rise, the absolute dollar savings from preferential origin claims grow in lockstep. A CUSMA certificate of origin that eliminates six per cent MFN duty saves CAD 6,360 on a CAD 106,000 landed shipment (CAD 100,000 FOB plus CAD 6,000 freight). The same goods without origin proof pay the full tariff on the higher base.
CUSMA Article 4.2 and CETA Article 23 both tie duty relief to transaction value, not the FOB invoice alone. Your broker files the preference claim on the CAD using the complete landed-cost figure. If you've been borderline on the cost-benefit of claiming origin for low-margin SKUs, a freight spike tips the analysis. The added administrative cost of maintaining certificates and supplier declarations is fixed; the duty savings scale with declared value.
PARS and the Timing of Freight Data
Pre-Arrival Review System (PARS) submissions require a cargo control number and estimated value before the truck crosses the border. Freight forwarders typically provide ocean freight invoices two to three business days after vessel discharge, which gives brokers time to calculate landed cost and file the CAD for release prior to payment.
When freight rates move week to week, importers who rely on blanket freight estimates in their internal ERP systems see discrepancies at clearance. The broker files the CAD using the actual freight invoice; your accounting system posts the shipment using a three-month rolling average. The gap shows up as a variance on your monthly CARM statement, and if the underestimate is material, CBSA may flag the shipment for a post-clearance verification under D11-4-2.
Our freight team pulls live booking confirmations into the clearance workflow, so the CAD reflects the carrier invoice, not a forecast. That eliminates the variance before it appears on the K84.
Warehouse Dwell and the Freight-Duty Cascade
Higher landed costs also change the economics of warehouse dwell. Goods held in a bonded sufferance facility don't accrue duty until released, but once the CAD is filed and goods are released under RPP, the clock starts on your monthly CARM payment cycle. If freight volatility has pushed your declared value higher than budgeted, the working-capital tie-up grows.
Importers who planned Q2 cash flow around January freight rates are now facing a fifteen to twenty per cent increase in the duty and GST line on their K84 statement, purely from the freight component. The physical goods haven't changed, the tariff schedule hasn't changed, but the transaction value has. That's a treasury problem, not a compliance problem, and it's one that shows up thirty days after release when the CARM payment is due.
FENGYE LOGISTICS runs cross-dock and short-term storage at the Port of Montreal. When freight costs spike, we see importers pull forward their release decisions to lock in the current month's statement rather than deferring to the next cycle. The savings on one month's interest can offset an extra day of warehouse handling, depending on your RPP bond rate and your bank's trade-finance terms.
SIMA Goods and Freight-Value Interaction
For goods subject to the Special Import Measures Act, anti-dumping and countervailing duty margins are calculated on normal value or export price, not transaction value. SIMA duties are a separate line on the CAD and don't include freight. But the MFN or CUSMA duty that applies to the same goods does include freight, so the total duty burden still climbs when container rates rise.
Importers of steel, aluminum, and other SIMA-listed products are filing CADs with dual duty lines: SIMA margin (fixed per CBSA's measure) plus ad valorem MFN duty on the landed cost. A six per cent freight increase doesn't touch the SIMA component but raises the base-tariff component, and the combined cash outlay on the K84 statement grows accordingly.
What This Means for CAD Filing
The Commercial Accounting Declaration is a snapshot of transaction value at the moment of release. Freight volatility doesn't change the tariff code or the origin claim, but it changes the number the broker keys into the CARM Client Portal. If your internal costing model assumes static freight, your monthly CARM reconciliation will show a widening gap between budgeted duty and actual duty paid.
We file hundreds of CADs every week, and the importers who reconcile fastest are the ones who give us live freight invoices and updated commercial invoices before the truck arrives. PARS filing, CAD submission, and RPP release happen in sequence, usually within four hours of cargo arrival. By the time the container is on the dock, the duty calculation is locked. Retroactive freight adjustments are possible under the 90-day correction window in D11-6-4, but they require an amended CAD and a new CARM accounting line, and CBSA charges administrative penalties under AMPS if the correction reveals an underpayment.
Closing
Freight rate movements show up as duty and GST on your CARM statement, not just as a line on the ocean bill. If your May and June imports are landing at six per cent higher freight than Q1, your RPP bond and your monthly payment cycle both need a second look. Our brokerage team runs the landed-cost calculation before every CAD filing. Drop a line at /en/contact/ if your K84 numbers stopped matching your budget.
Frequently Asked Questions
How does ocean freight affect the customs duty I pay in Canada?
For goods valued FOB (free on board), the transaction value declared on your Commercial Accounting Declaration includes freight, insurance, and loading costs under Customs Act section 48, meaning a higher freight rate directly increases dutiable value. Ad valorem duty (e.g., 6.5 per cent MFN) is then calculated on that total, so a six per cent freight increase translates to a proportional increase in customs duty and GST.
What is an RPP bond and why does freight volatility matter for it?
An RPP (Release Prior to Payment) bond is financial security posted with CBSA to release goods before the duty and tax payment clears on your CARM Client Portal monthly statement. The minimum security is tied to your 12-month rolling import volume; if freight spikes push your declared value higher quarter over quarter, your security requirement can increase, and CBSA may request additional collateral mid-year.
Does CARM require me to file freight costs separately?
No. The CAD (Commercial Accounting Declaration) captures transaction value as a single field, which your broker calculates by adding freight, insurance, and other charges to the FOB invoice price per Customs Act s.48. CBSA does not require line-item freight disclosure, but your broker needs accurate freight invoices at the time of clearance to avoid undervaluation penalties under AMPS.
Can I claim CUSMA duty relief if my freight rate jumps?
Yes, provided the goods meet origin rules under CUSMA Article 4.2 and you hold a valid certificate of origin. CUSMA preference applies to the transaction value (which includes freight), so the duty savings grow in proportion to the landed cost. On a CAD 100,000 shipment at six per cent MFN, CUSMA origin saves CAD 6,000 in duty regardless of how much of that value is freight.
How quickly can freight rate changes affect my monthly CARM statement?
Goods released under RPP appear on your K84 monthly statement within the calendar month of clearance. If your May shipments carry a six per cent higher freight charge, the increased duty and GST liability will appear on your June 7 statement date, with payment due by the end of that month per CBSA's CARM Phase 2 Release 3 timeline.
Should I adjust my HS classification if freight costs change?
No. HS 6-digit classification is based on the physical characteristics and intended use of the goods, not their freight cost. However, a sudden freight increase can make preferential origin claims more valuable, so it's worth verifying that your existing CUSMA or CETA certificates are still on file with your broker.
Originally published at https://www.canflow-global.com/en/insights/rising-container-rates-and-canadian-import-duty-math/.
