Robotic Lawn Mower OEM China: Wire-Free, CE, Factories

Robot mower shipments grew 63.8% YoY. Chinese factories now produce wire-free RTK models. What European and US buyers need to know before sourcing.

Robotic lawn mower shipments grew 63.8% year-over-year in 2025. Wire-free models — the ones that navigate using RTK GPS or vision-based boundary detection instead of a perimeter wire — now account for 66% of shipments. Chinese manufacturers drove most of that growth. Segway (Ninebot) and Mammotion (Agilex) are shipping wire-free units into the US and European markets at price points that repositioned what $800–1,500 buys. Behind them is a second tier of ODM factories that most Western brands have not found yet.

This is what the sourcing picture looks like if you want to put your brand on a wire-free robot mower.

Why Wire-Free Is the Only Product Worth Sourcing

The perimeter-wire model has been around since Husqvarna's Automower launched in 1995. Installation requires 2–4 hours of wire-laying, a professional installer in most European markets, and a $150–300 service call every time the wire breaks. For a product that costs $800+ at retail, a required $200 install is a conversion killer.

Wire-free navigation eliminates that barrier. The two technologies used in Chinese-made units:

RTK GPS (Real-Time Kinematic): 2–3cm positioning accuracy using a base station mounted near the charging dock that communicates with a network RTK correction service. Works in open areas with clear sky view. The leading Chinese RTK modules are from ComNav and UNICORE — both ship in volume for automotive and agricultural applications, which means the supply chain is mature.

Vision-based boundary detection (camera + AI): uses an onboard camera and edge inference to identify lawn boundaries, obstacles, and surface changes. No GPS signal required — works under tree canopy, in narrow strips, near metal fencing that distorts RTK. More expensive to implement (the inference chip adds $15–25 to BOM), but handles complex garden shapes that RTK cannot.

The factories that can genuinely deliver these systems are not the same factories that make corded string trimmers.

The ODM Factory Landscape

Wire-free robot mower manufacturing is concentrated in two areas:

Zhejiang (Hangzhou, Jinhua): the historical base of outdoor power equipment manufacturing in China. Factories here built petrol mowers for decades before the electric transition. Several have added robotics capability — ECHO's parent company, some Husqvarna ODM contractors. Engineering talent is strong; software capability is mixed.

Shenzhen / Dongguan: electronics-forward factories that entered from the robotics side — often the same factories that make robot vacuums and have experience with SLAM navigation, sensor fusion, and OTA firmware. Their mechanical manufacturing quality on outdoor power equipment is improving but is not yet at the level of Zhejiang factories.

Mammotion / Agilex is the clearest example of what a well-funded Shenzhen-origin company can build: Luba 2 and YUKA are genuine RTK + vision hybrids at $1,000–1,600 retail. They also offer ODM for brands above 500 units.

For a private label buyer, the realistic entry points are:

Tier 3 is not viable for a product that requires continuous navigation software updates. You would own the hardware and have no path to fixing navigation bugs reported by customers.

CE Certification: What Is Actually Required

The EU machinery directive (2006/42/EC) is the primary compliance framework for robot mowers. This is distinct from the RED (Radio Equipment Directive) that covers most IoT devices — machinery carries additional requirements around blade guards, emergency stop mechanisms, and operating zone confinement.

Required for EU market entry:

• Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC — safety of the mowing mechanism, blade protection, tilt detection, lift detection (blade stops if mower is lifted)
• RED 2014/53/EU — for the Wi-Fi/BLE module and any RTK radio communication
• LVD 2014/35/EU — low-voltage electrical safety
• EMC 2014/30/EU — electromagnetic compatibility

The machinery directive test is the expensive and time-consuming one. Expect $6,000–12,000 and 8–12 weeks at a notified body (TÜV, Bureau Veritas, SGS). The specific test standard is EN ISO 60335-2-107 (robotic mowers). If your factory has already certified a base model under this standard, your variant needs delta testing only — confirm whether your configuration changes (battery capacity, blade width, RTK module brand) require a full re-test or a supplementary report.

One detail that catches EU buyers: the tilt sensor and blade-stop mechanism must trigger within a specified time (typically <3 seconds) when the mower is lifted or tilted beyond a threshold angle. This is a mechanical test, not a firmware test. If the factory has not tooled the blade brake mechanism correctly, no amount of firmware tuning fixes it.

Battery and Charging: The Outdoor-Specific Issues

Robot mowers operate outdoors in rain, temperature swings from -10°C to 50°C, and UV exposure. The battery and charging station requirements are materially different from indoor robots:

IP rating: the main unit should be IP54 minimum (dust-protected, splash-resistant); the charging station should be IP44 or higher. Confirm these are tested ratings, not marketing claims. Ask for the test certificate.

Battery chemistry: LiFePO4 (lithium iron phosphate) is significantly better than standard NMC for outdoor use — wider operating temperature range (-20°C to 60°C vs. 0°C to 45°C for NMC) and no thermal runaway risk. The tradeoff is lower energy density, meaning a heavier pack for the same runtime. For a product that sits on a lawn charging dock year-round, LiFePO4 is the right call.

Charging station waterproofing: the charging contact pins corrode in humid environments if not properly gasketed. Ask to see the charging pin design drawing and confirm the IP rating is for the contacts specifically, not just the housing.

What a First Order Looks Like

A realistic private label robot mower project at 300 units from a Tier 2 ODM:

The machinery certification timeline is the critical path. If you skip CE and try to add it retroactively after production, you risk a recall if the configuration requires a re-test. Start certification at sample approval, not after production completion.

The Question to Ask Every Factory Before You Sign

"Show me a field test of the navigation system on a non-rectangular lawn with at least two obstacles and a slope of 10 degrees."

If the factory cannot show this — video, in-person, or through a verified reference customer — they do not have a production-ready navigation system. Wire-free navigation that works on a 30m×30m rectangular lawn and fails on anything complex is the most common failure mode at Tier 2 and 3 factories right now. The perimeter-wire version of the product is much easier to manufacture correctly. Do not accept a wire-version demo as evidence of wire-free capability.

We have visited robot mower factories in Zhejiang and Shenzhen as part of broader outdoor robotics sourcing projects. If you are evaluating ODM factories for a private label robot mower, send us a brief with your target retail price, EU vs US market focus, and approximate volume. We also support the full OEM product development cycle from factory selection through CE certification and production ramp. For the certification process in more detail, the factory audit checklist covers what documentation to request at each stage of a hardware sourcing project.