We've been building products for startups at Pollume for a while now, and there's a pattern that comes up so often it's almost funny. Team moves fast, ships something, gets traction, and then suddenly everything grinds to a halt. Adding a new feature takes two weeks. Fixing one bug breaks three other things. The codebase that felt totally fine at 100 users is quietly falling apart at 1000.
The worst part? Most of these situations were completely avoidable. They trace back to decisions made in the first few weeks of the project, when everyone was excited and moving fast and not really thinking about what happens later.
Here's what I keep seeing, and what actually helps.
Nobody talks about the monolith thing enough
There's this widespread belief in dev circles that microservices are the "correct" architecture and monoliths are just what you do before you know better. So teams reach for distributed architecture on day one, before they have a single paying user, before they even know if the product works.
What actually happens: you spend the first two months wiring services together instead of building product. Debugging becomes a nightmare because a request touches four different services. Deployment is a coordination exercise. And you're doing all of this complexity for a product that might pivot completely in three weeks anyway.
Shopify's Rails monolith handled 173 billion requests on Black Friday 2024. One codebase, massive scale. You do not need microservices on day one, and honestly probably not on day 300 either.
Start with a well-structured monolith where business logic lives in clear, isolated modules. You can extract services later when you actually have a reason to, not because it felt like the right thing to do in month one.
The database schema conversation nobody wants to have
I get it, schema design is boring. Everyone wants to start writing code. But the database is the thing that's hardest to change later, and getting it wrong is genuinely painful.
The mistake I see most often is picking a database based on familiarity and then just... winging the data model. Tables that made sense at first start doing weird things when they have a million rows and no proper indexing. Queries that took 10ms at launch take 4 seconds six months later.
Foursquare had a 17-hour outage in 2010 because their data became unbalanced as the platform grew. Not a code bug, not a server issue. Just a data model that wasn't designed for scale.
Spending an extra day mapping out your actual data relationships before writing code is one of the highest-leverage things you can do early on.
Writing code for problems you don't have yet
This one is a bit uncomfortable to talk about because it's so common. Teams build complex infrastructure for scale they haven't reached. They add caching layers, job queues, and elaborate abstractions to handle traffic spikes that don't exist yet, while the core product is completely unvalidated.
Startup Genome research found that premature scaling causes 74% of startup failures, and failed companies tend to write over three times more code than successful ones. Three times.
The version of this I see most often is teams building features nobody asked for because they seemed like obvious next steps. Meanwhile the one thing the product actually needs to do well is mediocre because the team's attention was spread across ten other things.
Define the one core action your product needs to do really well. Build only that. Measure whether people actually use it before adding anything else. It sounds obvious and it is genuinely hard to stick to.
Technical debt doesn't go away on its own, shockingly
Every team I've ever worked with has said some version of "we'll clean this up after the next release." And then the next release comes and there's a new urgent thing, and the shortcuts from three months ago are now load-bearing walls.
Shopify allocates about 10% of every sprint specifically to technical debt. Not as a special cleanup sprint, not as something that happens when things are quiet. Every sprint, 10%. That's how a 20-year-old Rails codebase still works at massive scale.
Even a small consistent allocation is better than a big cleanup that never happens, which is what "we'll deal with it later" always turns into.
The API stuff that seems fine until it isn't
Inconsistent endpoints, no versioning, internal database structure leaking into API responses — all of these feel like minor sins when you're building fast. They become a real problem when you have mobile clients on old versions, third-party integrations depending on specific response shapes, or a backend you want to refactor without breaking everything downstream.
A few things that cost almost nothing to do correctly from the start: consistent response formats, versioning (/api/v1/ from day one), and keeping what the API exposes separate from what's in the database. Boring stuff that saves weeks later.
I wrote a much more detailed version of all of this on the Pollume blog, including a full breakdown of how to structure your requirements before you write a single line of code: How to Build an MVP: Architecture Guide for 2026
If you've shipped an MVP and hit any of these walls, curious to hear what tripped you up the most. Drop it in the comments.
